Romania: Subsistence Farming After Imposed Industrialisation

During the transition to the market economy, real earnings fell sharply. The existence of an underground economy generally deemed to have grown at a worryingly fast rate has had a strong effect on the (rising) level and distribution of income (increase in inequalities). The Communist regimes extensive housing estate building programme, mainly in the urban areas, gave virtually all Romanian citizens housing. These State-owned dwellings were sold to their tenants after 1989, such that 95% of households now own their own housing. However, the downturn in construction in the 1990s prompted a housing crisis. Housing conditions remain poor particularly in the rural areas. The frequency of poverty is particularly high in rural areas where a large proportion of households have low earnings, and sub-standard dwellings. A high percentage of urban households also have to deal with the pressure of growing financial difficulties due to unemployment and low pension payments.Multiple Dimensions of Poverty, Socialist Country in Transition, Romania

Measuring scientific impact beyond academia:An assessment of existing impact metrics and proposed improvements

How does scientific research affect the world around us? Being able to answer this question is of great importance in order to appropriately channel efforts and resources in science. The impact by scientists in academia is currently measured by citation based metrics such as h-index, i-index and citation counts. These academic metrics aim to represent the dissemination of knowledge among scientists rather than the impact of the research on the wider world. In this work we are interested in measuring scientific impact beyond academia, on the economy, society, health and legislation (comprehensive impact). Indeed scientists are asked to demonstrate evidence of such comprehensive impact by authoring case studies in the context of the Research Excellence Framework (REF). We first investigate the extent to which existing citation based metrics can be indicative of comprehensive impact. We have collected all recent REF impact case studies from 2014 and we have linked these to papers in citation networks that we constructed and derived from CiteSeerX, arXiv and PubMed Central using a number of text processing and information retrieval techniques. We have demonstrated that existing citation-based metrics for impact measurement do not correlate well with REF impact results. We also consider metrics of online attention surrounding scientific works, such as those provided by the Altmetric API. We argue that in order to be able to evaluate wider non-academic impact we need to mine information from a much wider set of resources, including social media posts, press releases, news articles and political debates stemming from academic work. We also provide our data as a free and reusable collection for further analysis, including the PubMed citation network and the correspondence between REF case studies, grant applications and the academic literature

C-Rex: A Comprehensive System for Recommending In-Text Citations with Explanations

Finding suitable citations for scientific publications can be challenging and time-consuming. To this end, context-aware citation recommendation approaches that recommend publications as candidates for in-text citations have been developed. In this paper, we present C-Rex, a web-based demonstration system available at http://c-rex.org for context-aware citation recommendation based on the Neural Citation Network [5] and millions of publications from the Microsoft Academic Graph. Our system is one of the first online context-aware citation recommendation systems and the first to incorporate not only a deep learning recommendation approach, but also explanation components to help users better understand why papers were recommended. In our offline evaluation, our model performs similarly to the one presented in the original paper and can serve as a basic framework for further implementations. In our online evaluation, we found that the explanations of recommendations increased users’ satisfaction

Strain Elastography in Invasive Lobular Carcinoma

Breast cancer remains the second cause of mortality in women, even if the mortality rates linked to it have drastically dropped at the present time. Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) accounts for 5–15% of the breast cancers and it is the second most encountered type among invasive carcinomas. There has been reported a high rate for bilateral lesions (6–47%), multifocality/multicentricity (21%), all affecting ILC overall survival. Due to its nonspecific symptoms and to the fact that it does not invoke a vigorous desmoplastic response and has a low likelihood of producing calcifications, the ILC tends to be insidious on mammography. Contrast enhanced MRI has the lowest false negative rate in detecting ILC and it is the most accurate method of determining the lesion extension, though it is expensive and not widely available. Therefore, the ultrasound (US) plays a significant role in the diagnosis of ILC. US elastography imaging (EI) individualizes malignant breast lesions with high sensitivity and specificity. Recent studies suggested that US elastography can even diagnose lobular cancers that have benign findings on conventional imaging. Goal: present various US aspects and exemplify the added diagnostic value of strain elastography—how it may change the BIRADS category and further therapeutic management

Determination of some essential mineral elements from different tropical fruits

The purpose of this paper is to determine the concentration of some essential macro and micro elements, from tropical fruits and the role that these minerals play in health benefits. The concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in bananas, grape fruits, kiwi, lemons, mandarins, oranges, pineapples and pomelo sold in Timisoara markets were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry method. The obtained results show that the distribution of the essential mineral elements in the analyzed fruits presents non-uniformity, depending on the fruit species and the nature of the analyzed element. The best represented among the analyzed elements are Ca and Mg (59.1-358 mg/kg Ca, respectively 92-287 mg/kg Mg). Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn were determined in much lower concentrations (1.12-3.26 mg/kg, 0.75-1.53 mg/kg, 0.45-1.21 mg/kg respectively 0.34-7.12 mg/kg), but sufficient considering the requirement of these essential microelements in the human body. However, it can be stated that the studied tropical fruits contain important amounts, especially of calcium and magnesium, but also appreciable amounts of essential microelements: Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn

S50-01 Depression and bipolar disorder: Is prevention of mania possible? Critical issues on diagnostic criteria

Diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder in DSM IV require the occurrence of a manic or hypomanic episode. The scant appropriateness of these criteria compared with Kraepelin"s concept of manic depressive insanity has been repeatedly reported and the concept of bipolar spectrum has been proposed for more than 30 years. The negative consequences of pure adherence to operational diagnostic criteria on clinical needs are presented in terms of community epidemiology results and in terms of clinical evidences and the inadequate treatment of depressive and anxiety episodes and the risk of manic switch with antidepressant drugs are discussed.The epidemiological survey conducted in Sesto Fiorentino showed that depressive episodes in patients with subthreshold mania or hypomania were different from the clinical presentation of pure unipolar depressives episodes confirming not only the numeric impact but also qualitative differences between these groups of patients.Our clinical study where predictors of mania have been prospectively evaluated in a trans nosographic sample of outpatients demonstrated that aspects related to bipolarity predicted manic shift regardless of the diagnosis. DSM IV criteria seem not to be able to detect and describe a group of patients relevant both on epidemiological and on clinical level. These findings underline the need of a careful examination of patients treatment and validate the rule of further research in definition of mood disorders boundaries for prevention strategies

Sistem Smart Monitoring pada Budidaya Tomat Cherry di Media Tanah

Living a healthy lifestyle is one of the important aspects for human well-being. One way to start a healthy lifestyle is by consuming fruits and vegetables. Cherry tomatoes have become a popular alternative for a healthy snack. The quality of healthy fruits is, of course, supported by healthy plant growth. Therefore, a smart monitoring system for cherry tomato plant growth was developed to assist cherry tomato farmers in monitoring the quality of plant growth. This system is designed using two systems: image processing using the Orange application to assess the fertility quality of plants, with data captured through a camera. The second system is an environmental monitoring system for plant growth, obtained through LDR, thermistor, and soil moisture sensors. The sensor data is processed using a Multiplexer and WeMos as the controller, and the results are displayed on the Thingspeak website. The designed system indicates the health quality experienced by the test plants, and users can view the sensor readings on the web to observe various environmental factors influencing the plants. Based on the results of several experiments, it is known that the system can function according to the initial goals, and environmental factors affect the quality of plant growth, although they may not be the primary factors.Pola hidup sehat menjadi salah satu aspek yang penting bagi kelangsungan hidup manusia. Salah satu cara untuk memulai pola hidup sehat yaitu dengan mengkonsumsi buah dan sayur. Tomat Cherry merupakan salah satu jenis buah yang kini marak menjadi alternatif panganan sehat. Kualitas buah yang sehat tentunya perlu didukung dengan pertumbuhan tanaman yang sehat. Oleh karena itu, dibuatlah sistem smart monitoring untuk pertumbuhan tanaman tomat cherry untuk membantu para petani dalam memantau kualitas pertumbuhan tanaman. Sistem ini dirancang menggunakan dua sistem, yaitu image processing menggunakan aplikasi Orange untuk melihat kualitas kesuburan tanaman yang mana datanya diambil melalui kamera. Sistem kedua merupakan sistem pemantauan lingkungan tumbuh tanaman yang akan diperoleh melalui sensor LDR, thermistor, dan soil moisture sensor. Data tersebut akan diolah menggunakan bantuan Multiplexer dan WeMos sebagai kontrolernya, yang mana hasil baca data tersebut akan ditampilkan pada website thingspeak. Sistem yang dirancang akan menunjukkan kualitas Kesehatan yang dialami oleh tanaman uji, dan user dapat melihat data pembacaan sensor melalui web untuk melihat beberapa faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi tanaman. Berdasarkan hasil dari beberapa percobaan dapat diketahui bahwa sistem dapat berjalan sesuai dengan tujuan awal, dan faktor lingkungan mempengaruhi kualitas tumbuh tanaman, meskipun belum tentu menjadi faktor utamanya

Preliminary research on the use of sheep's cheese as a source of mineral elements

Milk and dairy products represent valuable nutritional foods, which bring many benefits to the health of the human body. The nutritional quality of sheep's cheese is given by nature as well by the content of essential mineral elements that enter into its composition. Therefore, the evaluation of the nutritional quality, of the sheep's cheese mineral intake is conditioned by knowing the concentrations of the mineral elements that are part of this food. The aim of the paper is to determine the concentrations of some essential mineral macro- and microelements: Ca and Mg, respectively: Fe, Zn and Cu from sheep's cheese and to evaluate the mineral intake of this food product in the recommended daily diet. The sheep's cheese taken in the experiment is well represented in terms of the content of: Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu, essential mineral elements with a beneficial effect on the body. In the analyzed sheep's cheese were identified high amounts of calcium (4892±275 mg/kg) and magnesium (443±38.64 mg/kg), significant amounts of Zn (22.14±1.52 mg/kg) and Fe (9.78±1.29 mg/kg) and appreciable amounts of Cu (1.07±0.17 mg/kg). The mineral profile of this nutritional food shows the following decreasing trend: Ca>> Mg>> Zn >Fe >> Cu